What programming jobs are least likely to be disrupted by AI?

We are already seeing AI disrupt various roles by automating tasks we once thought to be the exclusive domain of hardworking individuals. Matter of fact, we recently did an article on programming jobs most likely to be disrupted by AI.

But Codeop is about creating an optimistic learning environment for all our students and the larger women+ community. So, of course, I had to compile a list of programming jobs that are least likely to be disrupted by AI.

I believe jobs that are least likely to be disrupted by AI are roles that require

1. creativity and innovation,
2. complex problem-solving,
3. interpersonal and communication skills,
4. contextual and ethical understanding,
5. adaptability, and
6. decision-Making in uncertain environments.

Top Programming Jobs Least Likely to Be Disrupted by AI

Jobs that require complex problem-solving, creativity, and human judgement are least likely to be affected by artificial intelligence. AI can assist with code generation and routine tasks, but roles involving software architecture, debugging, project management, and system design will still need human oversight.

1. AI and Machine Learning Engineers

AI and Machine Learning Engineers are developing these technologies, making them one of the most resilient job categories.

Their work involves a deep understanding of theoretical and applied mathematics, statistical analysis, and domain-specific knowledge, which requires human oversight and creativity that AI alone cannot replicate.

Moreover, AI and machine learning engineers are responsible for interpreting data, refining algorithms, and ensuring the ethical deployment of AI technologies.

In Europe, AI and ML engineers can earn between €70,000 and €120,000 annually, with top salaries exceeding €130,000. In the US, you can expect to earn between $110,000 and $160,000, with senior roles offering upwards of $180,000.

2. Software Architects

Software Architects are responsible for making high-level design choices and dictating coding standards, tools, and platforms.

This role requires a deep understanding of multiple programming languages and frameworks, strong problem-solving skills, creativity, and the ability to anticipate and mitigate potential risks.

Software architects must also communicate effectively with stakeholders, project managers, and development teams to ensure the technical vision aligns with the business strategy.

AI might assist in automating some aspects of the development process but cannot replace the role entirely.

In Europe, software architects can expect to earn between €80,000 and €130,000 annually, with top salaries in tech hubs like London, Berlin, and Paris reaching €140,000 or more. In the US, software architects are highly compensated, with salaries ranging from $120,000 to $170,000.

3. DevOps Engineers

DevOps Engineers are responsible for bridging the gap between development and operations teams. They ensure that software is delivered quickly, reliably, and efficiently to the end user.

DevOps engineers ensure continuous integration and continuous delivery (CI/CD), manage cloud infrastructure and monitor system performance.

While AI can automate specific tasks within the DevOps pipeline, the role requires a deep understanding of software development and IT operations. And more importantly, the ability to troubleshoot complex systems.

In Europe, DevOps engineers can expect to earn between €70,000 and €110,000 annually, with top salaries in cities like London, Berlin, and Amsterdam reaching €120,000 or more. In the US, DevOps engineers are in high demand, with salaries ranging from $100,000 to $140,000, with senior roles offering up to $160,000.

4. Cybersecurity Experts

Cybersecurity experts safeguard an organisation’s digital assets and sensitive information. Their role involves identifying vulnerabilities, responding to security breaches, and developing strategies to prevent future attacks.

While AI can assist in monitoring systems and identifying potential threats, the rapidly evolving nature of cybersecurity threats requires human intuition and critical thinking.

In Europe, cybersecurity experts earn between €60,000 and €100,000 annually, with higher salaries in major tech hubs like London, Berlin, and Amsterdam, where they can exceed €110,000. In the US, cybersecurity professionals are highly valued, with salaries ranging from $90,000 to $140,000.

5. Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) Designers

Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) Designers focus on creating user interfaces. These roles ensure that the experience is intuitive, efficient, and enjoyable.

This requires a deep understanding of human behaviour, psychology, and design principles—where AI tools can assist but not fully replace human creativity and insight.

In Europe, HCI Designers can expect to earn between €50,000 and €85,000 annually, with top salaries in tech hubs like Berlin, London, and Stockholm. In the US, HCI Designers are in high demand, with salaries ranging from $90,000 to $130,000.

6. Product Managers

Product Managers oversee the development and success of software products. They are responsible for defining the product vision, prioritising customer requirements, and collaborating closely with various teams to bring products to market.

The core of product management involves understanding customer needs, making strategic decisions, and guiding the product’s development. These tasks require human intuition, creativity, and judgement.

In Europe, product managers can earn between €70,000 and €120,000 annually, with higher salaries in tech-centric cities like London, Berlin, and Amsterdam. In the US, product managers are in high demand, with salaries ranging from $110,000 to $150,000.

7. Ethical AI Specialists

Ethical AI Specialists ensure that AI systems are developed and deployed in ways that are fair, transparent, and aligned with ethical standards.

Their work involves assessing AI models for bias and developing guidelines for ethical practices.

While AI can assist in monitoring systems and identifying potential ethical issues, it lacks the nuanced understanding of the societal impact that human specialists bring.

Unfortunately, since this is a new role, there’s not enough data on the salary expectations.

8. Network Engineers

Network Engineers are responsible for designing, implementing, and managing an organisation’s computer networks.

Network Engineers are also tasked with optimising network performance, managing network security, and staying up-to-date with the latest technologies and best practices.

While AI and automation tools can assist with network monitoring, configuration, and even some aspects of troubleshooting, they cannot replace this role entirely.

Additionally, as networks become more complex, the need for skilled Network Engineers to design and manage these intricate systems becomes even more critical.

In Europe, Network Engineers can earn between €55,000 and €90,000.

In the US, Network Engineers are well-compensated, with salaries ranging from $85,000 to $120,000, depending on experience.