Full Stack Developer vs. Software Engineer: What’s the Difference?

If you’re someone trained (or training) in computer science or a self-taught explorer of the binary arts, you have surely come across these two roles: Full Stack Developer & Software Engineer.

At first glance, they might seem very similar. Of course, they’re not synonymous. But what sets them apart? More importantly, which one are your goals more aligned with?

First, let’s take a quick look at the similarities: The tools and programming languages used may differ, but both share the fundamental problem-solving principle. Also, both roles contribute to the development of digital products and services.

Full Stack Developer vs. Software Engineer: The Key Differences

1. The Role (Breadth vs. Depth)

A full-stack developer is a jack of all trades who can work on both the front and back end of web applications. A software engineer, however, might not work on both ends of the application, but they specialize in specific areas instead.

FSDs are comfortable with multiple programming languages and technologies and, thus, the entire stack. This explains the “breadth” of their skills. 

On the other hand, an SE’s focus stays on particular development aspects– system design, algorithms, or some programming language. You can call this the “depth” of their skill.

2. The Responsibilities

As I mentioned, a full-stack developer works with all aspects of the development project. This is reflected in their broad set of responsibilities, too:

• Review & evaluate the overall aspects of a project.
• Build responsive, engaging user interfaces. 
• Develop & maintain both the client-side and server-side software. 
• Work with databases. 
• Ensure compatibility across multiple platforms.

A software engineer usually handles only some aspects of a project. So their responsibilities revolve around some of the elements:

• Design & implement software systems.
• Analyze & better existing systems.
• Develop complex algorithms & data structures.
• Focus on scalability & optimization of the application.
• Collaborate with other engineers & stakeholders.

3. The Skills

Full Stack Developer:

• Proficiency in multiple programming languages (e.g., JavaScript, Python, Ruby)
• Knowledge of front-end technologies (HTML, CSS, JavaScript frameworks)
• Knowledge of back-end technologies and databases such as MySQL and PostgreSQL
• Familiarity with version control systems

Software Engineer:

• Strong programming skills in one or more languages. (three is a good number).
• In-depth knowledge of software design and architecture.
• Understanding of algorithms and data structures.
• Expertise in specific domains (e.g., machine learning, cybersecurity).

4. The Education

Formal education can be helpful in the tech industry, but having practical knowledge and a strong portfolio often carries more weight. 

Most full-stack developers come from a background in computer science. However, some are self-taught.

Like a full-stack developer, a degree (or two) in IT or Computer Science does the job for software engineers. They typically hold bachelor’s or master’s degrees in Computer Science, software engineering, and related fields.

Some positions, especially in specialized areas, may require advanced degrees or certifications.

5. The Future

Both of these careers will require you to adapt to new & emerging technologies. AI, Machine Learning, and Cloud Computing are some examples. 

Full Stack Developers would probably need to adapt to the upcoming frameworks as web applications become more complex. We might see more specialization within full-stack development. 

Besides the fields above, the growing importance of cybersecurity and big data will create (& already is creating) new opportunities for software engineers. The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics projects a 22% growth in software developer jobs from 2019 to 2029, much faster than average for many other occupations.

6. The Salary

Both careers offer high salary packages. Remember, salaries vary widely based on location, experience, and company.

Full Stack Developers earn competitive salaries, especially in startups and smaller companies. They can make up to $120,000 or $57.69 per hour, with experienced fellows earning up to $155,000 annually.

Software Engineers, particularly those with specialized skills or senior roles, may command higher salaries in larger tech companies, averaging an impressive $115,000 annually.

FSD vs SE: How to choose the right role for yourself?

1. Breadth vs. Depth

Do you prefer a diverse profile to take care of all the aspects of a project? Or do you prefer specialization while you focus on a few elements?

If you enjoy a diverse profile, consider Full Stack Development. You’ll get to work on various aspects of web applications and have the opportunity to use a wide range of technologies to tackle different challenges.

On the other hand, if you prefer complex but fewer aspects, software engineering might be more suitable. It will often involve working on larger, more complex systems that may or may not be web-based.

2. User-facing Applications or Back-end?

Are you more interested in the front-end or back-end of applications?

Full-stack developers work more on the user end of the product while software engineers are likely to be more involved in the back-end work. The latter needs more focus on the core functionality of the applications. 

Full-stack developers, however, will get to work on interfaces that the user interacts with directly. So the impact of their work is immediately reflected in the user experience.

3. Work Environment

Do you prefer a fast-paced, versatile work environment? Or do you prefer sticking to a few elements with specializations?

Quite some people prefer a fast-paced work environment with multiple responsibilities in hand. You can find a versatile environment like so in start-ups or small businesses. If that is what interests you, consider full-stack development.

If the above doesn’t tempt you, then software engineering is more likely to suit your working style. It will allow you to stay focused on just some aspects, in a structured environment. You’ll mostly find those in larger, more established companies, working on larger-scale projects.

Making Your Decision

Apart from the above questions, you need to keep these things in mind:

There is a significant overlap between the role of a full-stack developer and a software engineer – the skills required for either role are often transferable, in case you may consider switching in the future. It isn’t rare for interests and goals to change over time.

What’s most important is to choose a path that excites and inspires you to keep learning and growing. 

Emphasis on the “growing” part since fields like these are seldom out of demand and hence the competition remains sky-high all year round. You will have to keep updating your skillset to keep up.

If you’re still unsure, here are some more ways to consider:

• Talking to professionals in both roles to get firsthand insights.
• Looking at job descriptions for both roles to find the one that aligns more with your interests.
• Starting with one path and being open to pivoting if you see your interests change.

The Bottom Line

Remember, there’s no wrong choice as long as you’re passionate about tech and solving problems. These roles aren’t mutually exclusive– your initial choice doesn’t lock you into a specific path forever!

Both Fullstack Development and Software Engineering offer rewarding careers with plenty of opportunities for growth and impact in the industry. The tech world is constantly evolving, so staying curious, learning, and following your passion is most important.

Good luck on your journey!